
/*

 ****************************************************************************

 *

 *                   "DHRYSTONE" Benchmark Program

 *                   -----------------------------

 *                                                                            

 *  Version:    C, Version 2.1

 *                                                                            

 *  File:       dhry.h (part 1 of 3)

 *

 *  Date:       May 25, 1988

 *

 *  Author:     Reinhold P. Weicker

 *                      Siemens AG, E STE 35

 *                      Postfach 3240

 *                      8520 Erlangen

 *                      Germany (West)

 *                              Phone:  [xxx-49]-9131-7-20330

 *                                      (8-17 Central European Time)

 *                              Usenet: ..!mcvax!unido!estevax!weicker

 *

 *              Original Version (in Ada) published in

 *              "Communications of the ACM" vol. 27., no. 10 (Oct. 1984),

 *              pp. 1013 - 1030, together with the statistics

 *              on which the distribution of statements etc. is based.

 *

 *              In this C version, the following C library functions are used:

 *              - strcpy, strcmp (inside the measurement loop)

 *              - printf, scanf (outside the measurement loop)

 *              In addition, Berkeley UNIX system calls "times ()" or "time ()"

 *              are used for execution time measurement. For measurements

 *              on other systems, these calls have to be changed.

 *

 *  Collection of Results:

 *              Reinhold Weicker (address see above) and

 *              

 *              Rick Richardson

 *              PC Research. Inc.

 *              94 Apple Orchard Drive

 *              Tinton Falls, NJ 07724

 *                      Phone:  (201) 389-8963 (9-17 EST)               

 *                      Usenet: ...!uunet!pcrat!rick

 *

 *      Please send results to Rick Richardson and/or Reinhold Weicker.

 *      Complete information should be given on hardware and software used.

 *      Hardware information includes: Machine type, CPU, type and size

 *      of caches; for microprocessors: clock frequency, memory speed

 *      (number of wait states).

 *      Software information includes: Compiler (and runtime library)

 *      manufacturer and version, compilation switches, OS version.

 *      The Operating System version may give an indication about the

 *      compiler; Dhrystone itself performs no OS calls in the measurement loop.

 *

 *      The complete output generated by the program should be mailed

 *      such that at least some checks for correctness can be made.

 *

 ***************************************************************************

 *

 *  History:    This version C/2.1 has been made for two reasons:

 *

 *              1) There is an obvious need for a common C version of

 *              Dhrystone, since C is at present the most popular system

 *              programming language for the class of processors

 *              (microcomputers, minicomputers) where Dhrystone is used most.

 *              There should be, as far as possible, only one C version of

 *              Dhrystone such that results can be compared without

 *              restrictions. In the past, the C versions distributed

 *              by Rick Richardson (Version 1.1) and by Reinhold Weicker

 *              had small (though not significant) differences.

 *

 *              2) As far as it is possible without changes to the Dhrystone

 *              statistics, optimizing compilers should be prevented from

 *              removing significant statements.

 *

 *              This C version has been developed in cooperation with

 *              Rick Richardson (Tinton Falls, NJ), it incorporates many

 *              ideas from the "Version 1.1" distributed previously by

 *              him over the UNIX network Usenet.

 *              I also thank Chaim Benedelac (National Semiconductor),

 *              David Ditzel (SUN), Earl Killian and John Mashey (MIPS),

 *              Alan Smith and Rafael Saavedra-Barrera (UC at Berkeley)

 *              for their help with comments on earlier versions of the

 *              benchmark.

 *

 *  Changes:    In the initialization part, this version follows mostly

 *              Rick Richardson's version distributed via Usenet, not the

 *              version distributed earlier via floppy disk by Reinhold Weicker.

 *              As a concession to older compilers, names have been made

 *              unique within the first 8 characters.

 *              Inside the measurement loop, this version follows the

 *              version previously distributed by Reinhold Weicker.

 *

 *              At several places in the benchmark, code has been added,

 *              but within the measurement loop only in branches that 

 *              are not executed. The intention is that optimizing compilers

 *              should be prevented from moving code out of the measurement

 *              loop, or from removing code altogether. Since the statements

 *              that are executed within the measurement loop have NOT been

 *              changed, the numbers defining the "Dhrystone distribution"

 *              (distribution of statements, operand types and locality)

 *              still hold. Except for sophisticated optimizing compilers,

 *              execution times for this version should be the same as

 *              for previous versions.

 *              

 *              Since it has proven difficult to subtract the time for the

 *              measurement loop overhead in a correct way, the loop check

 *              has been made a part of the benchmark. This does have

 *              an impact - though a very minor one - on the distribution

 *              statistics which have been updated for this version.

 *

 *              All changes within the measurement loop are described

 *              and discussed in the companion paper "Rationale for

 *              Dhrystone version 2".

 *

 *              Because of the self-imposed limitation that the order and

 *              distribution of the executed statements should not be

 *              changed, there are still cases where optimizing compilers

 *              may not generate code for some statements. To a certain

 *              degree, this is unavoidable for small synthetic benchmarks.

 *              Users of the benchmark are advised to check code listings

 *              whether code is generated for all statements of Dhrystone.

 *

 *              Version 2.1 is identical to version 2.0 distributed via

 *              the UNIX network Usenet in March 1988 except that it corrects

 *              some minor deficiencies that were found by users of version 2.0.

 *              The only change within the measurement loop is that a

 *              non-executed "else" part was added to the "if" statement in

 *              Func_3, and a non-executed "else" part removed from Proc_3.

 *

 ***************************************************************************

 *

 * Defines:     The following "Defines" are possible:

 *              -DREG=register          (default: Not defined)

 *                      As an approximation to what an average C programmer

 *                      might do, the "register" storage class is applied

 *                      (if enabled by -DREG=register)

 *                      - for local variables, if they are used (dynamically)

 *                        five or more times

 *                      - for parameters if they are used (dynamically)

 *                        six or more times

 *                      Note that an optimal "register" strategy is

 *                      compiler-dependent, and that "register" declarations

 *                      do not necessarily lead to faster execution.

 *              -DNOSTRUCTASSIGN        (default: Not defined)

 *                      Define if the C compiler does not support

 *                      assignment of structures.

 *              -DNOENUMS               (default: Not defined)

 *                      Define if the C compiler does not support

 *                      enumeration types.

 *              -DTIMES                 (default)

 *              -DTIME

 *                      The "times" function of UNIX (returning process times)

 *                      or the "time" function (returning wallclock time)

 *                      is used for measurement. 

 *                      For single user machines, "time ()" is adequate. For

 *                      multi-user machines where you cannot get single-user

 *                      access, use the "times ()" function. If you have

 *                      neither, use a stopwatch in the dead of night.

 *                      "printf"s are provided marking the points "Start Timer"

 *                      and "Stop Timer". DO NOT use the UNIX "time(1)"

 *                      command, as this will measure the total time to

 *                      run this program, which will (erroneously) include

 *                      the time to allocate storage (malloc) and to perform

 *                      the initialization.

 *              -DHZ=nnn

 *                      In Berkeley UNIX, the function "times" returns process

 *                      time in 1/HZ seconds, with HZ = 60 for most systems.

 *                      CHECK YOUR SYSTEM DESCRIPTION BEFORE YOU JUST APPLY

 *                      A VALUE.

 *

 ***************************************************************************

 *

 *  Compilation model and measurement (IMPORTANT):

 *

 *  This C version of Dhrystone consists of three files:

 *  - dhry.h (this file, containing global definitions and comments)

 *  - dhry_1.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_1)

 *  - dhry_2.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_2)

 *

 *  The following "ground rules" apply for measurements:

 *  - Separate compilation

 *  - No procedure merging

 *  - Otherwise, compiler optimizations are allowed but should be indicated

 *  - Default results are those without register declarations

 *  See the companion paper "Rationale for Dhrystone Version 2" for a more

 *  detailed discussion of these ground rules.

 *

 *  For 16-Bit processors (e.g. 80186, 80286), times for all compilation

 *  models ("small", "medium", "large" etc.) should be given if possible,

 *  together with a definition of these models for the compiler system used.

 *

 **************************************************************************

 *

 *  Dhrystone (C version) statistics:

 *

 *  [Comment from the first distribution, updated for version 2.

 *   Note that because of language differences, the numbers are slightly

 *   different from the Ada version.]

 *

 *  The following program contains statements of a high level programming

 *  language (here: C) in a distribution considered representative:           

 *

 *    assignments                  52 (51.0 %)

 *    control statements           33 (32.4 %)

 *    procedure, function calls    17 (16.7 %)

 *

 *  103 statements are dynamically executed. The program is balanced with

 *  respect to the three aspects:                                             

 *

 *    - statement type

 *    - operand type

 *    - operand locality

 *         operand global, local, parameter, or constant.                     

 *

 *  The combination of these three aspects is balanced only approximately.    

 *

 *  1. Statement Type:                                                        

 *  -----------------             number

 *

 *     V1 = V2                     9

 *       (incl. V1 = F(..)

 *     V = Constant               12

 *     Assignment,                 7

 *       with array element

 *     Assignment,                 6

 *       with record component

 *                                --

 *                                34       34

 *

 *     X = Y +|-|"&&"|"|" Z        5

 *     X = Y +|-|"==" Constant     6

 *     X = X +|- 1                 3

 *     X = Y *|/ Z                 2

 *     X = Expression,             1

 *           two operators

 *     X = Expression,             1

 *           three operators

 *                                --

 *                                18       18

 *

 *     if ....                    14

 *       with "else"      7

 *       without "else"   7

 *           executed        3

 *           not executed    4

 *     for ...                     7  |  counted every time

 *     while ...                   4  |  the loop condition

 *     do ... while                1  |  is evaluated

 *     switch ...                  1

 *     break                       1

 *     declaration with            1

 *       initialization

 *                                --

 *                                34       34

 *

 *     P (...)  procedure call    11

 *       user procedure      10

 *       library procedure    1

 *     X = F (...)

 *             function  call      6

 *       user function        5                                         

 *       library function     1                                               

 *                                --                                          

 *                                17       17

 *                                        ---

 *                                        103

 *

 *    The average number of parameters in procedure or function calls

 *    is 1.82 (not counting the function values aX *

 *

 *  2. Operators

 *  ------------

 *                          number    approximate

 *                                    percentage

 *

 *    Arithmetic             32          50.8                                 

 *

 *       +                     21          33.3                              

 *       -                      7          11.1                              

 *       *                      3           4.8

 *       / (int div)            1           1.6

 *

 *    Comparison             27           42.8

 *

 *       ==                     9           14.3

 *       /=                     4            6.3

 *       >                      1            1.6

 *       <                      3            4.8

 *       >=                     1            1.6

 *       <=                     9           14.3

 *

 *    Logic                   4            6.3

 *

 *       && (AND-THEN)          1            1.6

 *       |  (OR)                1            1.6

 *       !  (NOT)               2            3.2

 * 

 *                           --          -----

 *                           63          100.1

 *

 *

 *  3. Operand Type (counted once per operand reference):

 *  ---------------

 *                          number    approximate

 *                                    percentage

 *

 *     Integer               175        72.3 %

 *     Character              45        18.6 %

 *     Pointer                12         5.0 %

 *     String30                6         2.5 %

 *     Array                   2         0.8 %

 *     Record                  2         0.8 %

 *                           ---       -------

 *                           242       100.0 %

 *

 *  When there is an access path leading to the final operand (e.g. a record

 *  component), only the final data type on the access path is counted.       

 *

 *

 *  4. Operand Locality:                                                      

 *  -------------------

 *                                number    approximate

 *                                          percentage

 *

 *     local variable              114        47.1 %

 *     global variable              22         9.1 %

 *     parameter                    45        18.6 %

 *        value                        23         9.5 %

 *        reference                    22         9.1 %

 *     function result               6         2.5 %

 *     constant                     55        22.7 %

 *                                 ---       -------

 *                                 242       100.0 %

 *

 *

 *  The program does not compute anything meaningful, but it is syntactically

 *  and semantically correct. All variables have a value assigned to them

 *  before they are used as a source operand.

 *

 *  There has been no explicit effort to account for the effects of a

 *  cache, or to balance the use of long or short displacements for code or

 *  data.

 *

 ***************************************************************************

 */

 

/* Compiler and system dependent definitions: */

 

#define TIME

 

#ifndef TIME

#undef TIMES

#define TIMES

#endif

                /* Use times(2) time function unless    */

                /* explicitly defined otherwise         */

 

#ifdef MSC_CLOCK

#undef HZ

#undef TIMES

#include <time.h>

#define HZ	CLK_TCK

#endif

		/* Use Microsoft C hi-res clock */

 

#ifdef TIMES

#include <sys/types.h>

#include <sys/times.h>

                /* for "times" */

#endif

 

#define Mic_secs_Per_Second     1000000.0

                /* Berkeley UNIX C returns process times in seconds/HZ */

 

#ifdef  NOSTRUCTASSIGN

#define structassign(d, s)      memcpy(&(d), &(s), sizeof(d))

#else

#define structassign(d, s)      d = s

#endif

 

#ifdef  NOENUM

#define Ident_1 0

#define Ident_2 1

#define Ident_3 2

#define Ident_4 3

#define Ident_5 4

  typedef int   Enumeration;

#else

  typedef       enum    {Ident_1, Ident_2, Ident_3, Ident_4, Ident_5}

                Enumeration;

#endif

        /* for boolean and enumeration types in Ada, Pascal */

 

/* General definitions: */

 

#include <stdio.h>

                /* for strcpy, strcmp */

 

#define Null 0 

                /* Value of a Null pointer */

#define true  1

#define false 0

 

typedef int     One_Thirty;

typedef int     One_Fifty;

typedef char    Capital_Letter;

typedef int     Boolean;

typedef char    Str_30 [31];

typedef int     Arr_1_Dim [50];

typedef int     Arr_2_Dim [50] [50];

 

typedef struct record 

    {

    struct record *Ptr_Comp;

    Enumeration    Discr;

    union {

          struct {

                  Enumeration Enum_Comp;

                  int         Int_Comp;

                  char        Str_Comp [31];

                  } var_1;

          struct {

                  Enumeration E_Comp_2;

                  char        Str_2_Comp [31];

                  } var_2;

          struct {

                  char        Ch_1_Comp;

                  char        Ch_2_Comp;

                  } var_3;

          } variant;

      } Rec_Type, *Rec_Pointer;

 

 
